PART 7 (13 Units): Each time you find an unknown fact that seems useful, tap any surface except your screen.   Unit 701 Driving with a window at least slightly open on both sides of your vehicle helps you hear vehicles in your blind spots, noises from your vehicle, approaching emergency vehicles, and more. If a vehicle's window is only partially opened, ensure the window's top edge is at a height that won't injure vehicle occupants during a crash if their neck was to be thrown against the glass edge.     Unit 702 R. v. Mirza (2023): At a red light, police saw a cell phone laying on Mirza’s right thigh, screen upwards, but not illuminated. Mirza testified it was his usual practice to leave his phone in the pocket between the driver and passenger seat, but the phone may have been touching his leg. Justice Fitzpatrick upheld decision of Justice Maddock to convict Mirza of using an electronic device while driving. Mirza’s argument that he was not using his phone because it was locked, his hands were on the steering wheel, and he was not actively using any of the functions, was rejected.     Unit 703 R. v. Cheung (2023): Police saw Cheung stopped at a red light looking at her Apple Watch and scrolling with her fingers. Cheung said she looked at a text message and touched the screen twice to dismiss it, but did not read it. Her watch did not have a cell phone function. The judge determined drivers are not committing an offence if they check their wristwatch; therefore, the word “hand-held” must have been added to the definition of “electronic device” for a reason, and a watch on the wrist would not normally be considered “hand-held”.     Unit 704 Impaired driving is the leading cause of criminal death and injury in Canada. Since April 2017, police can take a breathalyzer sample from any driver they stop. Before that date, the police needed reasonable suspicion of alcohol impairment. A person who is unable to trigger a breathalyzer (due to Bell's palsy, bronchitis, etc.) can be penalized as if they were impaired.     Unit 705 One drink (12 oz of beer or cooler, 5 oz of wine, or 1.5 oz of 80 proof spirits) will result in a 0.02 to 0.05 BAC (blood alcohol concentration) that will return to a 0 BAC in 1.5 to 3 hours (subject to health, body type, gender, fatigue, food eaten, age, type of alcohol). Only the passage of time will reduce a person's BAC. A cold shower, exercise, coffee, or food will not reduce a person's BAC.     Unit 706 If a host/hostess serves alcohol to a guest, the host/hostess may be liable if the guest drives and crashes. Here are some physiological effects of alcohol: increased reaction time, eyes blinded by glare, loss of depth perception and peripheral vision.     Unit 707 A drug or alcohol impaired person (perhaps waiting for a taxi) sitting in the driver's seat of a parked vehicle with the engine running to keep the car warm or cool commits the offence of having care or control of a vehicle while impaired.     Unit 708 Soto v. Peel (2013): A vehicle's owner normally shared his car with his roommate and the keys were left on a hook. One day the owner learned his roommate was drinking, but the owner didn't remove the keys from the hook; therefore, the vehicle's owner didn't revoke his consent for his roommate to use the vehicle. The owner is liable for his roommate's crash.     Unit 709 Raj v. British Columbia (2019): When a peace officer requests the driver's licence of someone who is being accused of driving while impaired and the accused presents the wrong card to the peace officer, this error may be used as circumstantial evidence of the driver's impairment and the weight of this evidence will depend on the circumstances.     Unit 710 If the police believe a driver has taken drugs, they can require physical coordination testing at the roadside. If the driver fails the roadside testing, the police can require a drug recognition evaluation at the police station where blood, urine, and/or saliva samples can be collected. A refusal to comply with a drug recognition evaluation is a criminal offence.     Unit 711 Roadside drug testing can detect opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines (ecstasy, MDMA), cocaine, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and cannabis. THC (found in cannabis) collects in the body's fatty tissues over time and someone who isn't impaired may test positive for THC. There's up to a $1,000 fine and 10 years in jail if there are 5 ng of THC per ml of blood and alcohol is also detected.     Unit 712 Because the US doesn't recognize cannabis as a legal industry, anyone who is even tangentially involved with cannabis can be charged with "living off the avails of crime". This is a violation of federal law and can result in a lifetime ban from entering the US. Even admitting to using cannabis can lead to a lifetime ban. Online cannabis purchases with credit cards leave a data trail.     Unit 713 Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas. It's a result of combustion and it's found in car exhaust. CO poisoning can resemble fatigue and it is sometimes accompanied by dizziness, nausea, breathlessness, headache, and a cherry red color of the mucous tissues. Victims of CO poisoning need immediate access to fresh air.